Engineering 44 Project 2016 - Fly Killer!

This is the blog post for the Engineering 44 - Fly Killer. It was design and made by Miguel Equihua and Ivan Rivera. This project was extremely fun and it was nice to see all we learn being put into a physician object. I will post the pictured used from the power point and upload the video and power point file. LINK to power point from edmondo.

 

The every circuit of it working.

 Video of everycircuit.

FLY KILLER!

Pert Chart.

Procedure

Circuit

Picture of the unfinished solder PCB of the circuit.

Picture of the laser to kill flies.

Picture of the laser modified by removing the current resistor.

More pictures of the speak and laser and pot modified.

Another picture of the PCB with comments.

Picture of the Piezo, it would vibrate with a frequency to motivate the fly to fly around.

Picture of the front view of the housing "Rave House" for the fly killer.

Picture of the side view of the "Rave House" it has two speakers to pick up the flies flying. the piezo next to the Popsicle stick that would hold the food bait and the laser on top point at the food to melt the flies wings.

A complete picture of the whole things. Laser shows working, pot would change the bandwidth of the frequency range. For flies its around 100 hz to 200 hz.

Picture of the concept sketch with introduction and what not for each component. Artistic skills are unparallel.

Criteria for success:
Modify laser to melt flies wings, be able to detect flies, band-pass filter to accept flies frequency 100 hz to 250 hz, and vibrator to make flies fly in  "Rave House".




Fly Killer conclusion:
Laser never strong enough to melt wings even with modification, speaker not able to dialoge and pick up the flies buzzing to pass in to the band-pass filter.
The parts that worked were the piezo vibrated when needed and the the band-pass filtering filtered correctly.

In summary this projects:
This was a fun and complicated project we needed to plan ahead, and design and then order parts  and then test and then redo in till parts work. It was a real life experience to using time management with the pert chert and using circuit analysis when things aren't going your way. It used creative thinking for building and solutions the one doesn't get in a lab problem or book example. I am sad that the project didn't work as attended but I am confident to get my next project done correctly thanks to this experience.



Thank you for everything Prof. Mason. I learned a lot and it was a pleasure being your student!

Day 27 Filters (NO LAB, last class)

We started the day with talking about resonant circuits and filters. We talked about all the different type of filters. Low pass, High pass, Band pass, and Band Stop. We were asked to come to the conclusion for omega.

White board work for finding omega. There is a linear point if which omega is best for outputs.

There are to types of resonate circuits, series and parallel. We were asked to do an example of a series circuit.

White board work of the series circuit. Transform to phasor, use the omega equations, and Band pass = w2-w1 and Q = omega not Wo/B.

We were then asked to try a parallel resonate frequency circuit. For parallel circuit everything is the same except of the omega function. Th omega functions is 1/over. Wo is the same, and band pass is the same, and Q is found the same.

White board work of the example tried in class, be sure to use the right omega equations.

We were then asked to work the problem another way around and design a circuit to find a specific Q.

White board of designing a circuit that would produce a Q with given numbers.

Lastly we had a deep conversion about GPA.

White board work of the limit of GPA as it approaches zero.

lastly we did an example of a band stop filter. We did the work and use jw = S, and then found the transfer function of Vout/Vin.

White board work of a band pass filter. S = jw, find roots.

In  summary the last class covered filters. There are two types resonant series and parallel resonant circuits. Both use the same equations except parallel has the 1/over relations for omega. We talked about low pass filters pass low frequencies and stops high frequencies. High pass filter pass high frequencies and stops low frequency. Band-pass filter passes frequencies within the frequency band and stops all other frequencies. Band-stop filter passes frequencies out a frequency band and stops frequencies within the frequency band. We did examples of passive series and parallel resonant circuits, and then a version where we design a circuit to get a Q factor. Q factor is how selective a circuit is for a frequency. And the band with is w2-w1.

Day 25 Frequency Dependencec

We started the day with talking about frequency. The way a circuit behaves with the change in signal frequency if its frequency dependence behavior. In order to deal with frequency characteristics of a circuit we use transfer functions. Transfer functions is the circuits frequency-dependent ratio of the phasor output over the phasor input of current or voltage. We did an example in class below.

White board work of a transfer example. 1st step is to change to phasor domain, and then find the ratio of output and input, this particular case Io/Iin.

White board work continued, with S = jw. We then found the poles and zeros, the moment when s = 0.

We then wanted the plot and analyze the result. We first wrote Matlab code.

Picture of the Matlab code to print out the graph.

Another pitcure of the Matlab code, with the output of the transfer function, has a range where signal pass and after that linear part, the slopes approach zero.

We then move onto another example of a transfer function this time looking for H(w) = Vo/Vin.

White board work of the example, needed to transform to phasor domain, then use node analysis, and finally find zeros and poles.

Picture of the graph from the example, has a range of omega where the circuit behaves best.

One last exampe of transfer functions with H(w) = Vout/Vin.

White board work of the example. Again first step is to transform to phasor, and change jw  to S and find the roots of S.

We then talked about decibels scale and how they use the log base.

We then move onto the last lab of the class: Signals with Multiple Frequency Components

Prelab: 1)Draw circuit - picture below 2)Create signal sweep - picture below

Picture of the sweep function created.

Picture of the output, how the sweep looks like.

Picture of the real life circuit, R1 = 1k, R2 = 1K, C1 .47uF

White board of the prelab circuit. R1 = 1k, C1 = .47uF, signal going in order is: 500hz, 1k hz, and lastly 10k hz.

Picture of the first signal 500 hz.

Picture of the 500 hz signal. Blue is Vin, Yellow is Vout.

Picture of the data for the 500 hz signal. C1 = Vout, C2 = Vin. The signal is at 520 hz, Vinamp = 3.9 V, signal out is 525 hz, Voutamp = 976 mV, T = 1.9 ms. Hw = .976/3.9 = 0.25. The shape of the signal mimics the signal going in with "mini"signal on the line mimicking the signal in. A two order signal of two signals being mixed with the second  .25 smaller.

Picture of the second signal, 1k hz.

Picture of the 1k hz signal. Blue is Vin, Yellow is Vout.

Picture of the data for the 1k hz signal. C1 = Vout, C2 = Vin. The signal is at 1k hz, Vinamp = 3.73 V, signal out is 1k hz, Voutamp = 641 mV, T = 1 us. Hw = .641/3.7 = 0.173. The shape of the signal mimics the signal going in with "mini"signal on the line mimicking the signal in. A two order signal of two signals being mixed with the second  .173 smaller.

Picture of the third signal, 10k hz.

Picture of the 10k hz signal. Blue is Vin, Yellow is Vout.

Picture of the data for the 10k hz signal. C1 = Vout, C2 = Vin. The signal is at 10k hz, Vinamp = 3.87 V, signal out is 10k hz, Voutamp = 83 mV, T = 100 us. Hw = .83/3.78= 0.021. The shape of the signal mimics the signal going in with "mini"signal on the line mimicking the signal in.  Two signals being mixed with the second  .021 smaller. There is barely a Vout signal.

Second part of the lab with the sweeps, 100 hz signal going in.

Picture of the signal of the sweep going in.Vin = blue, Vout = yellow. High frequency low output, low frequency greater output.

Picture of the data for the 100 hz signal. C1 = Vout, C2 = Vin. The signal is at 100 hz, Vinamp = 3.36 V, signal out is 4.8 k hz, Voutamp = 809 mV, T = 3.4 ms. Hw = .89/3.33 = .264. Higher frequency Vout is very small, lower frequency Vout is closer to original in amplitude.

Picture of the sweep, 10 khz signal going in.

Picture of the signal of the sweep going in.Vin = blue, Vout = yellow. High frequency higher output, low frequency lower output.

Picture of the data for the 10k hz signal. C1 = Vout, C2 = Vin. The signal is at 10k hz, Vinamp = 3.39 V, signal out is 3.78 k hz, Voutamp = 474 mV, T = 411 us. Hw = .89/3.33 = .139. Higher frequency Vout is very small, lower frequency Vout is closer to original in amplitude.

Conclusion of the lab: The vout/vin in relation to the signal frequency of 500, 1k and 10k hz signal show a steady decrease, which matched our prediction of higher frequency lower output. The interesting part was with the signal mixing the signal out matched the signal in with its own signal on top of the signal out. It would have two signals in one. For the sweep signal 1k and 10k hz signal, it went from the signal source of small Vout to big Vout for the 1k signal, and a big Vout to small Vout for the 10k hz signal.

White board work of the circuit. We got Vout to be 9.998 + .48i, which was close to the 1/2 signal out at omega = infinity.

In summary of class we learned about transform function and why we have and use it. Whenever we have a circuit that behaves differently with different omegas a transfer function is a very good way to find important information about it. We then some examples to find the zeros and poles of a signal source and then write code to plot it with a semilog function. We then did the last lab of the class of multiple signal sources and signal sweeps. We found that the higher the frequency the lower our Vout was is this circuit and that the output signal mimicked the input with its own signal ontop of the output signal. We also found that 1 khz sweep signal goes low Vout to high Vout for sweeps, and  for the 10 khz signal goes high Vout to low Vout for sweeps.

Day 24 APPARENT POWER AND POWER FACTORb

We started the day with a picture of the dance lesson for engineers a very fun picture. Then we move onto the effective RMS value. We were asked to the algebra with our current knowledge to see what we end up with.

White board work to find the RMS value of voltage.

We then had to calculate the RMS value of the sine wave. We transformed it and then did some algebra.

White board work to get the square root of 2.

We then talked about grpahed the phasors and talked about ELI the ICE man.

White board work below taking about ELI the ICE man. Which means Voltage leads current in a Inductor, and Current leads Voltage in a Capacitor.

We then talked about apparent power and power factor. We used pf = P/S, we then did an example below.

White board work of an example, left side, first step is to transform to phasor domain.

More white board work continued.

White board work, right side, once we got Z we can get pf, and we have S so now we can get P = Spf.

We then move onto to talk about complex power. S = 1/2VIconjugate. Z = V/I = Vrms^2/Zconjugate. The following interesting comes form that which ar, S = P +jQ, P = realS and Q = fakeS.  For pf if Q = 0 the load is unity for pf., Q < 0 capacitive load, leading pf, Q > 0 inductive load, Lagging pf. We then talked about the triangle of SPQ and tried an example.

White board work of the example. Get things to phasor domain, use P and Q, find S = sqrt(P^2+Q^2)

More white board work continued.

White board work of complex power example, used the rules mentioned above.

We then talked about power factor correction. We used:

Q _C = Q ₁ − Q ₂ = P (tan θ ₁ − tan θ ₂ ),

Q _C = V²_rms/X C = ωCV²_rms 

Q _L = Q ₁ − Q ₂ 

With this knowledge we tried an example below.

White board work below, using what we just learned, we found C = 310uF.

After that we move to the lab of the day: Apparent Power and Power Factor!!!
Prelab: White board work of the pre lab. All of our Prelab numbers are in the picture we never got around to tablet in one place.

d

Picture of the Vin blue, Vout yellow, Red current.

Picture of data for first signal C2 in, C1 out. Vampin = 1 V, Vinrms = 710 mV, Voutamp =  864 mV, Voutrms = 610 mV, Iout = 19 mA, Iin = 30 mA we used another math channel for S which we got S to be 2.5 V. Freq = 5 khz.

Picture of the first circuit. Rt = 10, Rload = 10.

Picture of circuit, of Rload = 10 ohms.

Picture of signal at next Rload of 47 ohms.

Picture of Vin blue, Vout yellow, Current red at 47 ohms.

Picture of data for R = 47. C2 in, C1 out. Vinamp = 1.01 V, Vinrms = 714 mV, Voutamp = 820 mV, Voutrms = 578 mV, Iin 20 mA, Iout = 13 mA, S = 2.66 W, freq = 5 khz.

Picture for Rload = 100 ohms.

Picture of Vin blue, Vout yellow, Current red at 100 ohms.

Picture of data for Rload = 100. C2 in, C1 out. Vinamp = 1.01 V, Vinrms = 720 mV, Voutamp = 872 mV, Voutrms = 616 mV, Iin 14 mA, Iout = 10 mA, S = 9.7 W, freq = 5 khz.

We then added a 1uF and redid all three loads again.

Picture with 1uF and Rload of 10 ohms. Vinamp = 1.01 V, Vinrms = 583 mV, Voutamp = 826 mV, Voutrms = 717 mV, In = 19 mA, Iout = 13 mA, S = 7.33. It is higher S with new 1uF when compared to the old S.

Picture of the circuit with capacitor and 10 ohm.

Picture of circuit with capacitor = 1uF an Rload = 10 ohms.

Picture of Rload for 47 ohms.

Picture with 1uF and Rload of 47 ohms. Vinamp = 1.01 V, Vinrms = 531mV, Voutamp = 750 mV, Voutrms = 531 mV, In = 29 mA, Iout = 20 mA, S = 2.54. It is lower S with new 1uF when compared to the old S.

Picture of Rload = 47 ohms circuit with the capacitor.

Picture of the circuit with Rload = 47 ohms.

picture of the signal and data for Rload = 100 ohms.

Picture with 1uF and Rload of 100 ohms. Vinamp = 1.01 V, Vinrms = 568mV, Voutamp = 717 mV, Voutrms = 568 mV, In = 24 mA, Iout = 16 mA, S = 6.54. It is lower S with new 1uF when compared to the old S.

Another picture not sure of which Rload.

d

Picture of the Rload = 100 ohms with the capacitor.

My picture again with Rload = 100ohms

Data for Rload = 100ohms

Picture of Rload = 47 ohms

Picture for Rload = 10 ohms

Data for Rload = 47 ohms.

Picture for Rload = 10 ohms

Data for Rload  = 10 ohms.

In conclusion this lab was long and difficult going back to this lab I was lost with the pictures. It could be that we went from 10, 47 to 100 ohms or 100, 47, to 10 ohms with we took pictures for the capacitors added system. All data required should be seen on the Data version of the pictures.

White board picture of the lab completed with a Grade of A.

In summary we started the day with talking about the different dances of function and went to really talk about rms. We found rms to be whatever we have divided by sqrt(2) from the algebra and integration of power. We then did some graph manipulated to end up with the same answer. We talked about apparent power and average power and move onto complex power. Lastly we ended the day with the lab covering everything we just learned. The lab had a lot of parts and our power found made sense when we added the capacitor to the circuit.